Cernavoda
Location: Romania
Operator: SN Nuclearelectrica SA
Configuration: 2 X 720 MW CANDU
Operation: 1996-2007
Reactor supplier: AECL
T/G supplier: GE
EPC: AECL, Ansaldo
Quick facts: In Dec 1978, an agreement was signed between AECL and
Romenergo for construction of Unit-1, followed in Jul 1981 by the
agreement for Unit-2. Construction started on these two units in 1980 and
1982, respectively, while the civil works for three more units were
started in 1984-86. The original agreements covered the licensing of the
CANDU-6 design, equipment supply, and technical assistance. A consortium
of Canadian manufacturers and contractors was formed
to build the plant. Completion of Cernavoda-1 was
initially scheduled for 1985, however the construction schedule slipped
repeatedly as local industries failed to produce needed materiel, imports
were restricted, and foreign loans dried up. Finally, work was stopped
completely in 1989 to fix defective pipe welds.
Following a visit from an IAEA mission in 1991, a new consortium of AECL
and Italy’s Ansaldo was formed to finish Cernavoda-1. Criticality was
achieved in Apr 1996, grid connection in Jul, and commercial operation in
Dec. Unit-2 went commercial on 5 Oct 2007. Three
additional units were in the original plan and completion of Units 3&4 is
anticipated.
Photograph courtesy of SN Nuclearelectrica SA
Posted 24 Mar 2004 |
Kozloduy 1-4
Location: Bulgaria
Operator: Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant plc
Configuration: 4 X 440 MW PWR
Operation: 1974-1982 (ret)
Reactor supplier: AEE
T/G supplier: Kharkov, Electrosila
EPC: Promishleno, Stroitelstvo, Montaji
Quick facts: The first phase of the Kozloduy NPP consisted of two pairs
of 440-MW units. On 15 Jul 1966, a cooperation agreement was signed between Bulgaria and the Soviet Union for the construction of a NPP. Following a detailed feasibility study, a site on the Danube River was selected for development. Ground-breaking was 14 Oct and construction of the main building of started on 6 Apr 1970. This is 240m long, 105m wide and 40m high and contains the reactors, turbines, ventilation system, and electrical equipment. Overhall, Kozloduy NPP was the largest-ever EPC project in Bulgaria and over 100,000 workers took part. Units 1&2 were shut down in 2002 and Units 3&4 were decommissioned at the end of 2006 as agreed in Bulgaria’s EU Accession Treaty. Each unit supplied about 66 TWh to the gird in its abbreviated operational lifetime.
Photograph courtesy of Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant plc
Posted 16 Jan 2012 |
Kozloduy 5&6
Location: Bulgaria
Operator: Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant plc
Configuration: 2 X 1,000 MW PWR
Operation: 1988-1993
Reactor supplier: AEE
T/G supplier: LMZ, Electrosila
EPC: Promishleno, Stroitelstvo, Montaji
Quick facts: Kozloduy is the only nuclear power plant in Bulgaria
and supplies about a third of the country's electricity. The operating
company is entirely state-owned. With about 4,700 employees, Kozloduy is one of the
major employers in Bulgaria. A full-scope modernization program for
Units 5&6 was completed in 2008, the first and at present the only program of its kind. The two units set an output record of 16.3 TWh in 2011.
Photograph courtesy of Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant plc
Re-posted 16 Jan 2012 |
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Paks
Location: Hungary
Operator: Paksi Atomeromu Rt
Configuration: 4 X 500 MWe PWR
Operation: 1983-1987
Reactor supplier: AEE
T/G supplier: Kharkov
Quick facts: Paksi Atomeromu is a state-owned company founded in 1976 and
converted to a share company since 1992. The four VVER440/V213 reactors
are sited in central Hungary 5km from the town of Paks. The plant
typically supplies over 40% of Hungary’s electric power and the Paks units
are among the world leaders in load factor. They were also among the first
in Central Europe to be upgraded to Western safety standards, in part due
to the installation of a simulator developed with the assistance of
Finnish experts. The maintenance training center completed in 1997 is
unique in that the reactor, steam generator, circulating pumps, isolating
valves, and other equipment are original factory-manufactured pieces
obtained from terminated plants and other sources. All four units were
progressively uprated from the orginal 440-MW rating and production in
2010 was 15.8 TWh, an all-time site record.
Photograph courtesy of Paksi Atomeromu Rt
Posted 8 Nov 2003 |
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Zarnowiec
Location: Poland
Operator: Zarnowiec NPP
Configuration: 4 X 465 MW PWR
Operation: n/a (cancelled)
Reactor supplier: AEE, Skoda
T/G supplier: BBC
T/G supplier: St Petersburg Atomenergoproekt, Energoblok-Wybrzeże
Quick facts: This plant was developed on a 432ac site on Lake Zarnowiec in
far northern Poland. This is a 1,400ha glacial lake in the Piasnica River basin,
5km from the Baltic. The first unit was
ordered in 1974 and three more ordered in 1983. Construction got
underway on two blocks on 1 Jan 1983 and proceeded fitfully until April
1990 when the project was terminated following a public referendum. The NPP was to be built in tandem with the 720-MW Zarnowiec a pumped-storage
power station that t uses the lake as a lower reservoir. The PSP plant was
completed in 1983 after 7yrs of construction. A new NPP plant has been proposed for much the same location.
Photograph courtesy of www.mikofoto.net
Posted 27 Jan 2011 |
